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North Central Airlines Flight 261

4 Aug 1968 · 18 km southwest of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Convair 580 and Home Airmotive… Cessna 150 · Mid-air collision

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Event

Event typeAccident: someone killed or seriously injured, or the aircraft substantially damaged (NTSB definition). Incident: an occurrence that affected or could have affected safety, short of that. Glossary
Accident
InvestigationHow far the investigation had got when the record was published: preliminary, ongoing, final or completed. Unknown where the source does not say. Glossary
Unknown
Event fatalities
3 · all aircraft and ground
Ground fatalities
0
Occupants
Unknown
Survivors
11
InjuriesFatal: death within 30 days. Serious: over 48 hours in hospital within a week, most broken bones, severe bleeding, nerve or organ damage, or serious burns. Minor: anything less. Glossary
1 serious · 0 minor (NTSB)
OperationWhat kind of flying it was, grouped by the rules it flew under: airline (US Part 121), air taxi and commuter (Part 135), general aviation (Part 91 and similar), military or government. Glossary
Airline
WeatherVisual meteorological conditions (VMC): good enough to fly by looking outside. Instrument conditions (IMC): cloud or low visibility, flying by instruments. Glossary
Visual Meteorological Cond

Aircraft 1 · Convair 580

Aircraft type
Convair 580
Category
Airplane
RegistrationThe aircraft's tail number, such as N12345 or G-ABCD. Registrations are reissued, so the same one years apart can be a different aircraft. Glossary
N4634S
Onboard fatalities
Unknown
Route
From Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD)To General Mitchell International Airport (MKE)
Aircraft age
Not recorded
Flight rulesThe regulations the flight operated under: in the US, Part 91 (general aviation), Part 121 (airlines), Part 135 (air taxi and commuter) and others; for flights abroad, the NTSB's coarser commercial or non-commercial code. Glossary
Part 121: Air carrier (scheduled domestic passenger service)
Phase of flightThe stage of the flight when things started to go wrong: standing, taxi, takeoff, initial climb, en route, maneuvering, approach or landing. Glossary
En route · descent
Defining eventThe single coded event the NTSB judges best describes what happened (records from 2008 on). Older records name the first occurrence in the sequence instead. Glossary
Collision with aircraft - both in flight
DamageDestroyed: beyond practical repair. Substantial: damage that affects the structure, performance or handling and normally needs major repair. Minor: less than that. Glossary
Substantial

Aircraft 2 · Cessna 150

Aircraft type
Cessna 150
Category
Airplane
RegistrationThe aircraft's tail number, such as N12345 or G-ABCD. Registrations are reissued, so the same one years apart can be a different aircraft. Glossary
N8742S
Onboard fatalities
Unknown
Occupants
Not stated
Survivors
0
InjuriesFatal: death within 30 days. Serious: over 48 hours in hospital within a week, most broken bones, severe bleeding, nerve or organ damage, or serious burns. Minor: anything less. Glossary
None · no survivors
Route
From Lombard, United StatesTo Sheboygan, Wisconsin, United States
Aircraft age
Not recorded
Flight rulesThe regulations the flight operated under: in the US, Part 91 (general aviation), Part 121 (airlines), Part 135 (air taxi and commuter) and others; for flights abroad, the NTSB's coarser commercial or non-commercial code. Glossary
Part 91: General aviation (fixed base operator)
Phase of flightThe stage of the flight when things started to go wrong: standing, taxi, takeoff, initial climb, en route, maneuvering, approach or landing. Glossary
En route · cruise
Defining eventThe single coded event the NTSB judges best describes what happened (records from 2008 on). Older records name the first occurrence in the sequence instead. Glossary
Collision with aircraft - both in flight
DamageDestroyed: beyond practical repair. Substantial: damage that affects the structure, performance or handling and normally needs major repair. Minor: less than that. Glossary
Destroyed

Cause areas

  • Miscellaneous acts, conditions › Sunglare
  • Miscellaneous acts, conditions › Windshield, dirty, foggy, etc.-restricted vision
  • Miscellaneous › Foreign material affecting normal operations
  • Personnel › Pilot of other aircraft
  • Pilot in command › Inadequate supervision of flight
  • Weather › Obstructions to vision

Approximate · Estimated position: the centre of Milwaukee, WI, the place the record names. Not the accident site.

From the Wikipedia article

North Central Airlines Flight 261 (flight number: NC261, callsign: NORTH CENTRAL 261) was a domestic scheduled flight of North Central Airlines from Chicago to Milwaukee. On 4 August 1968 a serious air accident occurred on this flight, when the Convair CV-580 operating it collided in flight with a Cessna 150, which then became lodged in its forward cargo compartment. The Convair was ultimately able to make a safe emergency landing at Milwaukee Airport, with all eleven of its occupants uninjured. The three occupants of the Cessna died in the accident.

Accident sequence

The flights of both aircraft were conducted under visual flight rules. The Convair took off from Chicago-O'Hare Airport at 9:34 with a delay of nine minutes. During the climb, in which the first officer was at the controls while the captain handled the radio communications, an unusually large number of insects struck the cockpit windows of the Convair, which impaired the pilots' view. The captain compared the situation to a snow shower in which ice accumulates on the cockpit windows. The pilots continued the climb with the cockpit windows heavily soiled by insect strikes. The captain and the first officer described the view through the cockpit windows as considerably restricted.

Two passengers later stated that shortly before the collision they had sighted a small aircraft located ahead and to the right of the Convair and approaching it almost at a right angle. The next moment they had lost sight of the aircraft, and shortly afterwards the collision occurred. The two aircraft collided at an altitude of 2700 feet (about 820 metres). The Convair was on approach to runway 07. The Cessna, flying northwest, struck the forward cargo hold of the Convair and its right front at 09:48 local time, severely deforming the cabin and fuselage of the Convair on the right side. A large part of the Cessna's wreckage fell to the ground, but the cabin with the bodies of the three occupants remained stuck in the forward cargo compartment of the Convair. The first officer of the Convair suffered serious leg and head injuries. As a result of the collision the Convair lost electrical power, and the right engine failed because of a damaged propeller. Six minutes later the captain of the Convair was able to carry out a successful emergency landing. The captain of the Convair managed to maintain control of the badly damaged aircraft and land it safely at Milwaukee Airport.

Investigation and cause

Cause

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) took over the investigation into the cause of the accident. The investigators found that the crew of the Convair 580 had been unable, despite three radar warnings, to sight the Cessna 150 in time to initiate an evasive manoeuvre. The view had been considerably restricted by heavy insect residue on the windshield and the side windows of the Convair. Haze, smoke, glare from the sun, as well as the inconspicuous colour and the lack of relative motion of the Cessna, had further reduced visibility. Under these circumstances the crew of the Convair should have requested a radar avoidance vector, which had not been done.

Translated into English with AI assistance from the German Wikipedia article “North-Central-Airlines-Flug 261” (revision 264843625, retrieved 2026-09-19) by its authors, under CC BY-SA 4.0. Extracted as plain text: references, tables, images and some sections are left out; the translation may contain errors, and long articles were cut to their first 700 words. Read the article

NTSB remarks

INSECT SMEARS AND METRO CONDS REDUCED VISUAL DETECT CPTY.RARAD ISSUED,CRW DID NOT REQ AVOID VECT.

N4634S STRUCK N8742S IN FLIGHT.

NTSB's remark from its 1962–1981 archive, as recorded (abbreviated, at most 98 characters): the archive has no narrative

Sources

German Wikipedia article: North-Central-Airlines-Flug 261
Article
North-Central-Airlines-Flug 261
Translation
Into English with AI assistance; names of linked operators and aircraft types from Wikidata. It may contain errors.
Revision
264843625 · 2026-03-01 · retrieved 2026-09-19
Wikidata
Q137973189
Licence
Text CC BY-SA 4.0, by the article's authors; Wikidata CC0; town positions GeoNames (CC BY 4.0)
NTSB record
Event ID
19680804P023241
Case number
Unknown
Dataset
historical-pre1982
Source SHA-256
abe1a933b4b73583d61684309f7f0610c281e3c1de3537c6471bf2a98ba6481d
Where each value comes from
Record
de Wikipedia article "North-Central-Airlines-Flug 261" (page 13433152, revision 264843625), translated into English with AI assistance; merged with NTSB case NTSB19680804P023241 (PRE1982 tblFirstHalf (one row per aircraft, grouped by date, place and time))
Date
NTSB record NTSB19680804P023241: PRE1982 DATE_OCCURRENCE
Place and country
Wikipedia infobox: site; country from NTSB record NTSB19680804P023241
Map position
NTSB record NTSB19680804P023241: centre of the town the record names (GeoNames, CC BY 4.0)
Aircraft, operator and route
NTSB record NTSB19680804P023241: PRE1982 REGIST_NO, ACFT_MAKE, ACFT_MODEL; gaps from Wikipedia infobox: aircraft type, registration, operator, origin and destination; route airports from the linked airport articles' Wikidata codes (OurAirports)
Operation
NTSB record NTSB19680804P023241: operated under Part 121: Air carrier (scheduled domestic passg.svc), Part 91: General aviation (fixed base operator)
Fatalities
NTSB record NTSB19680804P023241: PRE1982 TOTAL_ABRD_FATAL of each aircraft, plus people on the ground and others outside the aircraft
Ground fatalities
NTSB record NTSB19680804P023241: events.inj_f_grnd
Summary
Wikipedia article lead
Source notes (4)
  • One occurrence in two sources, merged: the Wikipedia article "North Central Airlines Flight 261" and NTSB case NTSB19680804P023241, matched by the same aircraft registration and date. For this US event the NTSB's values are used where the two differ; each value names its source.
  • From NTSB's 1962-1981 archive (PRE1982), which holds at most a short remark (98 characters, abbreviated) instead of a narrative; the accident type, phase of flight, causes and conditions are NTSB's codes, decoded as the archive defines them.
  • Reviewed means this record passed the site's consistency check, not that it was checked against a narrative or report - there is none to check against.
  • The operation category is mapped from the archive's operator and operation codes and has not been reviewed.