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Azerbaijan Airlines Boeing 707 accident near Baku

30 Nov 1995 · 9 kilometres northwest of Baku Airport, Azerbaijan

Boeing 707-323C · Fuel starvation

From Ürümqi Tianshan International Airport (URC) to Heydar Aliyev International Airport (GYD)

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Event

Event typeAccident: someone killed or seriously injured, or the aircraft substantially damaged (NTSB definition). Incident: an occurrence that affected or could have affected safety, short of that. Glossary
Accident
Event fatalities
2 · all aircraft and ground
Ground fatalities
Unknown
Occupants
Unknown
Survivors
4
InjuriesFatal: death within 30 days. Serious: over 48 hours in hospital within a week, most broken bones, severe bleeding, nerve or organ damage, or serious burns. Minor: anything less. Glossary
Unknown
OperationWhat kind of flying it was, grouped by the rules it flew under: airline (US Part 121), air taxi and commuter (Part 135), general aviation (Part 91 and similar), military or government. Glossary
Airline

Boeing 707-323C

Aircraft type
Boeing 707
Category
Airplane · from aircraft type
RegistrationThe aircraft's tail number, such as N12345 or G-ABCD. Registrations are reissued, so the same one years apart can be a different aircraft. Glossary
4K-401
Onboard fatalities
2
Route
From Ürümqi Tianshan International Airport (URC)To Heydar Aliyev International Airport (GYD)

Cause areas

  • Aircraft › Aircraft systems
  • Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware
  • Personnel issues › Experience/knowledge
  • Organizational issues › Management

From the investigation findings the Wikipedia article reports, sorted into the NTSB's cause areas with AI assistance.

Not plotted · Not plotted: the Wikipedia article gives no coordinates, and its site names no town or airport that matches exactly.

From the Wikipedia article

In the Azerbaijan Airlines Boeing 707 accident near Baku, on 30 November 1995 the Boeing 707-323C freighter 4K-401 of the state airline Azerbaijan Airlines, which had departed from Ürümqi Diwopu Airport in the People's Republic of China, crashed shortly before landing at Baku Airport. Two of the six crew members on board the aircraft were killed in the accident.

Accident sequence

After the aircraft took off in Ürümqi, the landing gear could no longer be retracted. Instead of turning back and having the defect repaired, the crew decided to fly on with the aircraft to the destination airport of Baku. Because of the extended landing gear, however, the aircraft had considerable kerosene consumption during the flight. The crew managed to get the aircraft as far as Azerbaijani airspace, but on the approach to Baku there was only very little kerosene left in the tanks. The pilots first carried out a missed approach, flying over the runway in Baku at low altitude and then flying a right turn in order to line the aircraft up again for a final approach. Shortly afterwards the engines failed due to fuel exhaustion. The aircraft lost altitude, clipped the posts of a road bridge and crashed into a field 9 kilometres from the airport. Two crew members were killed.

Investigation and cause

Causes

The accident investigation identified several factors that had contributed to the accident. Due to a malfunction of the landing gear retraction mechanism, the gear remained extended, which had led to considerable kerosene consumption. In addition, on the approach to Baku the crew was initially unable to lock the left main landing gear in the extended position, which is why a missed approach had to be flown with low fuel reserves. The fuel gauges were also inaccurate, which is why the crew did not have correct information about the fuel supplies and therefore did not consult the manual for the manufacturer's recommendations for flights with little fuel. Furthermore, there was no communication from the airline regarding the characteristics of the Boeing 707's fuel system, so that the crew was not able to identify and apply the optimal operating mode for flights with little fuel. Finally, the inadequate company policy regarding operation and maintenance on the part of the companies involved, Baku Air and ALG Inc., was criticised.

Translated into English with AI assistance from the German Wikipedia article “Flugunfall einer Boeing 707 der Azerbaijan Airlines bei Baku” (revision 237030737, retrieved 2026-09-19) by its authors, under CC BY-SA 4.0. Extracted as plain text: references, tables, images and some sections are left out; the translation may contain errors, and long articles were cut to their first 700 words. Read the article

Sources

German Wikipedia article: Flugunfall einer Boeing 707 der Azerbaijan Airlines bei Baku
Article
Flugunfall einer Boeing 707 der Azerbaijan Airlines bei Baku
Translation
Into English with AI assistance; names of linked operators and aircraft types from Wikidata. It may contain errors.
Revision
237030737 · 2023-09-04 · retrieved 2026-09-19
Wikidata
Q90500203
Licence
Text CC BY-SA 4.0, by the article's authors; Wikidata CC0; town positions GeoNames (CC BY 4.0)
Where each value comes from
Record
de Wikipedia article "Flugunfall einer Boeing 707 der Azerbaijan Airlines bei Baku" (page 11235847, revision 237030737), translated into English with AI assistance
Date
Wikipedia infobox: date
Place and country
Wikipedia infobox: site
Map position
none
Aircraft, operator and route
Wikipedia infobox: aircraft type, registration, operator, origin and destination; route airports from the linked airport articles' Wikidata codes (OurAirports)
Operation
operator named as an airline in the infobox
Fatalities
Wikipedia infobox: aircraft fatalities
Ground fatalities
not stated in the Wikipedia infobox
Summary
Wikipedia article lead
Source notes (1)
  • Wikipedia · Facts from the German Wikipedia article's infobox, translated into English with AI assistance, not checked against an investigation report. Independent review pending.