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Lóide Aéreo Nacional Flight 652

5 Sept 1958 · near Campina Grande Airport, Campina Grande, Brazil

Curtiss C-46D-15-CU · Controlled flight into terrain during approach due to pilot error and inclement weather

From Santos Dumont Airport (SDU) to Pinto Martins International Airport (FOR)

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Event

Event typeAccident: someone killed or seriously injured, or the aircraft substantially damaged (NTSB definition). Incident: an occurrence that affected or could have affected safety, short of that. Glossary
Accident
Event fatalities
13 · all aircraft and ground
Ground fatalities
Unknown
Occupants
40
Survivors
27
InjuriesFatal: death within 30 days. Serious: over 48 hours in hospital within a week, most broken bones, severe bleeding, nerve or organ damage, or serious burns. Minor: anything less. Glossary
27
OperationWhat kind of flying it was, grouped by the rules it flew under: airline (US Part 121), air taxi and commuter (Part 135), general aviation (Part 91 and similar), military or government. Glossary
Airline

Curtiss C-46D-15-CU

Aircraft type
Curtiss C-46
Category
Airplane · from aircraft type
RegistrationThe aircraft's tail number, such as N12345 or G-ABCD. Registrations are reissued, so the same one years apart can be a different aircraft. Glossary
PP-LDX
Onboard fatalities
13
Route
From Santos Dumont Airport (SDU)To Pinto Martins International Airport (FOR)

Cause areas

  • Personnel issues › Action/decision
  • Personnel issues › Task performance
  • Environmental issues › Operating environment
  • Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena

From the investigation findings the Wikipedia article reports, sorted into the NTSB's cause areas with AI assistance.

Not plotted · Not plotted: the Wikipedia article gives no coordinates, and its site names no town or airport that matches exactly.

From the Wikipedia article

Lóide Aéreo Nacional Flight 652 was a domestic passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro to Fortaleza, Brazil, with intermediate stopovers in Vitória, Ilhéus, Salvador, Aracaju, Maceió, Recife, Natal, and Campina Grande. On 5 September 1958, the Curtiss C-46 operating the flight crashed into the ground, killing 13 (11 passengers and 2 crew members) of the 40 people on board.

Accident

Due to the rainy and overcast weather, with impaired visibility, several unsuccessful landing attempts were made at the then Campina Grande Airport. On the final approach, the aircraft was flying below the approach ceiling and crashed into the ground, on a field on the left bank of the Trans-Amazonian Highway, in Bodocongó. Among the dead were the pilot and the radio operator, a doctor, an architect and a manager of Banco do Brasil. One of the survivors of the accident was then law student Renato Aragão. The crew brought the plane up to 750 meters (2,460 feet). Upon reaching this altitude, they made a turn above the station, intercepting the outbound track. The captain maintained altitude up to the end of the base turn, when, starting the return, on heading 200 degrees, he began to descend, turning on the aircraft lights. The co-pilot was still unable to obtain visual reference. The plane then crashed into the ground.

The victims were rescued by the Fire Department and taken to Pedro I Hospital, regional emergency rooms and Ipase, in serious condition. Due to the difficult access to the location, the firefighters' rescue work was extremely challenging. Some of the aircraft wreckage was stolen by local residents near the crash site.

A memorial shrine was built at the site of the accident.

Investigation and cause

Investigation

According to the final report, the pilots descended without clearance and were at an altitude lower than required for the approach to the airport. The pilot tried to gain sight of the runway by scanning the ground visually, but this method failed. The crew brought the plane up to 750 meters (2,460 feet). Upon reaching this altitude, they made a turn above the station, intercepting the outbound track. The captain maintained altitude up to the end of the base turn, when, starting the return, on heading 200 degrees, he began to descend, turning on the aircraft lights. The co-pilot was still unable to obtain visual references with the ground and unable to find the runway.

It was also found that the approach procedure carried out by the crew was not in accordance with that indicated in the approach chart approved by the Directorate of Air Routes. It was also found that the aircraft encountered inclement weather conditions, with heavy cloud cover and rain, despite the departure controller stating the weather conditions prior to the flight as acceptable with a high cloud cover and good visibility.

The final report concluded that the probable cause of the crash was due to pilot error, specifically the crew following an improper procedure during an ILS approach to the runway. In addition, the misleading weather information given by the departure controller prior to takeoff resulted in the crew unable to see other planes or the runway environment ahead of them.

Text from the Wikipedia article “Lóide Aéreo Nacional Flight 652” (revision 1370712153, retrieved 2026-09-18) by its authors, under CC BY-SA 4.0. Extracted as plain text: references, tables, images and some sections are left out. Read the article

Sources

Wikipedia article: Lóide Aéreo Nacional Flight 652
Article
Lóide Aéreo Nacional Flight 652
Revision
1370712153 · 2026-08-22 · retrieved 2026-09-18
Wikidata
Q10392503
Licence
Text CC BY-SA 4.0, by the article's authors; Wikidata CC0; town positions GeoNames (CC BY 4.0)
Where each value comes from
Record
Wikipedia article "Lóide Aéreo Nacional Flight 652" (page 83599574, revision 1370712153)
Date
Wikipedia infobox: date
Place and country
Wikipedia infobox: site
Map position
none
Aircraft, operator and route
Wikipedia infobox: aircraft type, registration, operator, origin and destination; route airports from the linked airport articles' Wikidata codes (OurAirports)
Operation
flight number in the article title
Fatalities
Wikipedia infobox: aircraft fatalities
Ground fatalities
not stated in the Wikipedia infobox
Summary
Wikipedia infobox: summary
Source notes (1)
  • Wikipedia · Facts from the Wikipedia article's infobox and coordinates, not checked against an investigation report. Independent review pending.