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2023 Coulson Aviation Boeing 737 crash

6 Feb 2023 · Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia

Coulson Aviation (Australia) Boeing 737-3H4 · Controlled flight into terrain after retardant drop due to insufficient airspeed and thrust

From Busselton Margaret River Regional Airport (BQB) to Busselton Margaret River Regional Airport (BQB)

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Event

NTSB case
DCA23WA150
Event typeAccident: someone killed or seriously injured, or the aircraft substantially damaged (NTSB definition). Incident: an occurrence that affected or could have affected safety, short of that. Glossary
Accident
InvestigationHow far the investigation had got when the record was published: preliminary, ongoing, final or completed. Unknown where the source does not say. Glossary
Unknown · led by another country; figures from NTSB notifications
Event fatalities
0 · all aircraft and ground
Ground fatalities
Unknown
Occupants
2
Survivors
2
InjuriesFatal: death within 30 days. Serious: over 48 hours in hospital within a week, most broken bones, severe bleeding, nerve or organ damage, or serious burns. Minor: anything less. Glossary
2
OperationWhat kind of flying it was, grouped by the rules it flew under: airline (US Part 121), air taxi and commuter (Part 135), general aviation (Part 91 and similar), military or government. Glossary
General aviation
WeatherVisual meteorological conditions (VMC): good enough to fly by looking outside. Instrument conditions (IMC): cloud or low visibility, flying by instruments. Glossary
Not recorded

Boeing 737-3H4

Aircraft type
Boeing 737
Category
Airplane
RegistrationThe aircraft's tail number, such as N12345 or G-ABCD. Registrations are reissued, so the same one years apart can be a different aircraft. Glossary
N619SW
Onboard fatalities
0
Route
From Busselton Margaret River Regional Airport (BQB)To Busselton Margaret River Regional Airport (BQB)
Aircraft age
About 28 years (built 1995)
Flight rulesThe regulations the flight operated under: in the US, Part 91 (general aviation), Part 121 (airlines), Part 135 (air taxi and commuter) and others; for flights abroad, the NTSB's coarser commercial or non-commercial code. Glossary
Non-U.S., Non-Commercial
Phase of flightThe stage of the flight when things started to go wrong: standing, taxi, takeoff, initial climb, en route, maneuvering, approach or landing. Glossary
Maneuvering
Defining eventThe single coded event the NTSB judges best describes what happened (records from 2008 on). Older records name the first occurrence in the sequence instead. Glossary
Controlled flight into terrain/object (CFIT)
DamageDestroyed: beyond practical repair. Substantial: damage that affects the structure, performance or handling and normally needs major repair. Minor: less than that. Glossary
Destroyed

Cause areas

  • Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability

From the investigation findings the Wikipedia article reports, sorted into the NTSB's cause areas with AI assistance.

Approximate · Coordinates from the NTSB case API, which marks them as estimated or does not say; no uncertainty radius is established.

From the Wikipedia article

On 6 February 2023, a Boeing 737-300 owned by Coulson Aviation and used as an air tanker crashed in the Fitzgerald River National Park in the Great Southern Region of Western Australia while fighting multiple fires. The two crew members aboard—both pilots—survived with minor injuries and were taken to the hospital. The aircraft was destroyed, and resulted in the first hull loss of a Boeing 737 in Australia.

Accident timeline

On 6 February 2023, at 12:08 pm, the aircraft involved took off from the Busselton Margaret River Airport on the first of three missions that day to respond to a fire near Hopetoun. En route to the fires, the aircraft climbed to 29000 feet, before descending to around 700 feet over the fire zone once. It returned to the same airport at 1:26 pm. After taking on a new retardant load, it took off at 1:50 pm for the second mission. The aircraft climbed out of the area and returned to its base at 3:08 pm, after descending once over the fire zone.

On its third mission, it took off at 3:32 pm. This time the air tanker descended two times over the fire zone, crashing at 4:14 pm while executing the second descent in the Fitzgerald River National Park.The aircraft had descended to 57 ft, at a speed of 110 kts, and were commencing the drop. The aircraft, running at about 30% power from the engines, began to climb and did so to 81 ft. At 107 kts, the captain increased power, however, the engines were slow to respond, and the stick shaker activated. The aircraft then stalled and collided with foliage, bounced, became airborne again, then crashed. After the aircraft had fully stopped moving, the co-pilot then started on the evacuation checklist, while the captain struggled to find an escape, as the cockpit door had buckled, and was unusable, and the right-side window unable to be opened by the co-pilot. The captain then noticed that there was a fire on the aircraft and both crew members subsequently escaped through the left-side window. Both crew members survived with minor injuries and were rescued by helicopter.

Investigation and cause

Investigation

Following the accident, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau announced that a team was being assembled from Perth and Canberra to investigate the accident.

A report of the preliminary investigation released on 3 May 2023 stated that the aircraft had hit a ridge line while dropping retardant at a low altitude. Seconds earlier, the pilots had attempted to pitch the aircraft up, but its engines had not had sufficient time to accelerate. After the aircraft had slid to a rest, the pilots had been able to escape through the left side cockpit window only sustaining minor injuries.

On 6 November 2024, the final report was released, which determined that the accident was a controlled flight into terrain due to insufficient airspeed and thrust. The ATSB issued 11 recommendations, which are as follows:

Raising the minimum drop height.

Re-calibration of airspeed during partial load drops.

Pre-drop planning and familiarization

Monitoring pilot situational awareness

Better pilot training exercises

Better training on how to exit the flight path if something goes wrong.

Improved communication and coordination with "Birddog".

Adherence to standard operating procedures.

Better crew resource management (CRM).

Monitoring and considering human factors.

Continuous training and proficiency accessments.

Text from the Wikipedia article “2023 Coulson Aviation Boeing 737 crash” (revision 1364148011, retrieved 2026-09-18) by its authors, under CC BY-SA 4.0. Extracted as plain text: references, tables, images and some sections are left out. Read the article

Sources

Wikipedia article: 2023 Coulson Aviation Boeing 737 crash
Article
2023 Coulson Aviation Boeing 737 crash
Revision
1364148011 · 2026-07-14 · retrieved 2026-09-18
Wikidata
Q116694787
Licence
Text CC BY-SA 4.0, by the article's authors; Wikidata CC0; town positions GeoNames (CC BY 4.0)
NTSB record DCA23WA150
Event ID
20230207106686
Case number
DCA23WA150
Dataset
full-current
Source SHA-256
5cf380f0061817c0331a6b2d8cc7e0ee3a79bea469a1001dc5c10e56f35f5ab3
Where each value comes from
Record
Wikipedia article "2023 Coulson Aviation Boeing 737 crash" (page 72959184, revision 1364148011); merged with NTSB case DCA23WA150 (events / aircraft)
Date
Wikipedia infobox: date
Place and country
Wikipedia infobox: site
Map position
NTSB record DCA23WA150: NTSB API eventLatitude/eventLongitude
Aircraft, operator and route
Wikipedia infobox: aircraft type, registration, operator, origin and destination; route airports from the linked airport articles' Wikidata codes (OurAirports); gaps and aircraft details from NTSB record DCA23WA150
Operation
Reviewed correction (2026-09-26): A private contractor's air tanker crashed while fighting fires: aerial firefighting by a private company, which is general aviation. The article: "a Boeing 737-300 owned by Coulson Aviation and used as an air tanker crashed in the Fitzgerald River National Park"
Fatalities
Wikipedia: Wikipedia infobox: aircraft fatalities
Ground fatalities
Wikipedia: not stated in the Wikipedia infobox
Summary
Wikipedia infobox: summary
Source notes (2)
  • One occurrence in two sources, merged: the Wikipedia article "2023 Coulson Aviation Boeing 737 crash" and NTSB case DCA23WA150, matched by the same aircraft registration and date. For this event outside the United States Wikipedia's values are used where the two differ; each value names its source.
  • Filled from the NTSB case API where the bulk record had no value: coordinates. Values present in the bulk record are kept.