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LAX91LA302 · Air Tractor AT-401

9 Jul 1991 · Calexico, CA, United States

Frontier Ag Service Air Tractor AT-401 · Accident: in flight collision with object during initial climb

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Event

NTSB case
LAX91LA302
Event typeAccident: someone killed or seriously injured, or the aircraft substantially damaged (NTSB definition). Incident: an occurrence that affected or could have affected safety, short of that. Glossary
Accident
InvestigationHow far the investigation had got when the record was published: preliminary, ongoing, final or completed. Unknown where the source does not say. Glossary
Completed
API-reported fatalities
0 · all aircraft and ground
Ground fatalities
0
OperationWhat kind of flying it was, grouped by the rules it flew under: airline (US Part 121), air taxi and commuter (Part 135), general aviation (Part 91 and similar), military or government. Glossary
General aviation
WeatherVisual meteorological conditions (VMC): good enough to fly by looking outside. Instrument conditions (IMC): cloud or low visibility, flying by instruments. Glossary
Visual Meteorological Cond

Air Tractor AT-401

Aircraft type
Air Tractor AT-401
Category
Airplane
RegistrationThe aircraft's tail number, such as N12345 or G-ABCD. Registrations are reissued, so the same one years apart can be a different aircraft. Glossary
N4538K
Onboard fatalities
Unknown
Route
From not recordedTo not recorded
Aircraft age
Not recorded
Flight rulesThe regulations the flight operated under: in the US, Part 91 (general aviation), Part 121 (airlines), Part 135 (air taxi and commuter) and others; for flights abroad, the NTSB's coarser commercial or non-commercial code. Glossary
Part 137: Agricultural
Phase of flightThe stage of the flight when things started to go wrong: standing, taxi, takeoff, initial climb, en route, maneuvering, approach or landing. Glossary
Initial climb
First occurrenceThe single coded event the NTSB judges best describes what happened (records from 2008 on). Older records name the first occurrence in the sequence instead. Glossary
In flight collision with object
DamageDestroyed: beyond practical repair. Substantial: damage that affects the structure, performance or handling and normally needs major repair. Minor: less than that. Glossary
Destroyed

Cause areas

  • Other person › Other airport/runway maintenance, performed
  • Pilot in command › Visual/aural detection

Approximate · Coordinates as recorded by the NTSB; no uncertainty radius is established.

NTSB narrative

THE INVESTIGATION REVEALED THAT DURING THE DAY ON JULY 9TH, WORKERS FROM THE IMPERIAL COUNTY IRRIGATION DISTRICT ERECTED A LARGE CAUTION SIGN ON THE DEPARTURE RUNWAY ABOUT ONE THIRD OF THE WAY FROM THE START. THAT NIGHT THE PILOT ARRIVED AT THE AIRPORT FOR HIS NIGHT SPRAY RUN AND HE WAS UNAWARE OF THE NEWLY PLACED SIGN. AFTER LOADING THE CHEMICALS TO BE SPRAYED ON BOARD THE AIRCRAFT, THE PILOT TOOK OFF AND THE AIRCRAFT STRUCK THE SIGN WITH THE LEFT SPRAY BOOM. THE BOOM WAS TORN LOOSE FROM THE STRUCTURE, HOWEVER, DID NOT SEPARATE TOTALLY AND BEGAN TO FLAP IN THE AIRSTREAM AS CHEMICALS POURED FROM THE HOPPER. THE PILOT TURNED THE AIRCRAFT TO RETURN TO THE AIRSTRIP AS HE REACHED FOR THE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE TO STOP THE FLOW OF CHEMICALS. AS THE AIRCRAFT NEARED THE AIRSTRIP, IT COLLIDED WITH A STACK OF HAY BALES RECENTLY ERECTED NEAR THE RUNWAY.

Probable cause

THE ERECTION OF A CONSTRUCTION SIGN ON AN ACTIVE RUNWAY BY COUNTY WORKERS WITHOUT NOTIFYING THE AIRPORT OPERATORS, AND, THE INABILITY OF THE PILOT TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF THE SIGN DURING THE DARK NIGHT TAKEOFF.

Verbatim NTSB analysis and probable cause from the NTSB dataset

Sources

NTSB record LAX91LA302
Event ID
20001212X17593
Case number
LAX91LA302
Dataset
historical-pre2008
Source SHA-256
89e2df6d848e7ab3b42e7d7c7a03ff403303057a26ca04c95b3ea67201c3ce74
Source notes (4)
  • Unreviewed is an editorial label, not an investigation status. API-sourced is not report-checked or human-reviewed. Explicit event totals are used without summing aircraft injury tables; onboard allocation is withheld. Unknown values remain unknown. The operation category is mapped from the NTSB-reported FAR part and has not been reviewed.
  • Filled from the NTSB case API where the bulk record had no value: local date, investigation status. Values present in the bulk record are kept.
  • The date is the local date; the NTSB stores the UTC date 1991-07-10.
  • API snapshot SHA-256: 1c130c6af42180868f5f2187711cdfd1842ff2ae03550e771c10fae92aaf6fc8; retrieved 2026-09-21T23:31:29.545Z.