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LAX92LA132 · Cessna 195A

29 Feb 1992 · San Jose, CA, United States

Cessna 195A · Accident: hard landing

From Livermore Municipal Airport (LVK) to an unrecorded destination

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Event

NTSB case
LAX92LA132
Event typeAccident: someone killed or seriously injured, or the aircraft substantially damaged (NTSB definition). Incident: an occurrence that affected or could have affected safety, short of that. Glossary
Accident
InvestigationHow far the investigation had got when the record was published: preliminary, ongoing, final or completed. Unknown where the source does not say. Glossary
Completed
API-reported fatalities
0 · all aircraft and ground
Ground fatalities
0
OperationWhat kind of flying it was, grouped by the rules it flew under: airline (US Part 121), air taxi and commuter (Part 135), general aviation (Part 91 and similar), military or government. Glossary
General aviation
WeatherVisual meteorological conditions (VMC): good enough to fly by looking outside. Instrument conditions (IMC): cloud or low visibility, flying by instruments. Glossary
Visual Meteorological Cond

Cessna 195A

Aircraft type
Cessna 195
Category
Airplane
RegistrationThe aircraft's tail number, such as N12345 or G-ABCD. Registrations are reissued, so the same one years apart can be a different aircraft. Glossary
N3451V
Operator
Penney, James H. · private individual
Onboard fatalities
Unknown
Route
From Livermore Municipal Airport (LVK), Livermore, CATo not recorded
Aircraft age
Not recorded
Flight rulesThe regulations the flight operated under: in the US, Part 91 (general aviation), Part 121 (airlines), Part 135 (air taxi and commuter) and others; for flights abroad, the NTSB's coarser commercial or non-commercial code. Glossary
Part 91: General Aviation
Phase of flightThe stage of the flight when things started to go wrong: standing, taxi, takeoff, initial climb, en route, maneuvering, approach or landing. Glossary
Landing · flare/touchdown
First occurrenceThe single coded event the NTSB judges best describes what happened (records from 2008 on). Older records name the first occurrence in the sequence instead. Glossary
Hard landing
DamageDestroyed: beyond practical repair. Substantial: damage that affects the structure, performance or handling and normally needs major repair. Minor: less than that. Glossary
Substantial

Cause areas

  • Pilot in command › Compensation for wind conditions, improper
  • Pilot in command › Recovery from bounced landing, improper

Approximate · Coordinates as recorded by the NTSB; no uncertainty radius is established.

NTSB narrative

A CESSNA 195A LANDED HARD, BOUNCED, AND NOSED OVER WHILE LANDING ON RUNWAY 30R WITH A LEFT QUARTERING TAIL/CROSSWIND. THE WINDS WERE REPORTED TO BE FROM 190 DEGREES AT 10 KNOTS AND THE PILOT FAILED TO PROPERLY COMPENSATE FOR THE EXISTING WIND CONDITIONS AND RECOVER FROM THE RESULTING BOUNCED LANDING. THE PILOT INDICATED THAT ON TOUCHDOWN THE AIRPLANE SWERVED TO THE RIGHT AND THE NOSE PITCHED DOWN. THE PROPELLER THEN STRUCK THE RUNWAY SURFACE AND THE AIRPLANE NOSED OVER AND CAME TO REST INVERTED. POST FLIGHT EXAMINATION OF THE AIRPLANE REVEAL THE RIGHT MAIN GEAR WHEEL FAIRING HAD CONTACTED THE TIRE. THE PILOT INDICATED THAT THE RIGHT MAIN LANDING GEAR TIRE HAD SCRAPE MARKS ON BOTH SIDEWALLS AND A GOUGE IN THE TREAD FROM CONTACT WITH THE WHEEL FAIRING MUD SCRAPER.

Probable cause

THE PILOT'S IMPROPER COMPENSATION FOR THE EXISTING WIND CONDITIONS AND IMPROPER RECOVERY FROM A BOUNCED LANDING. CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCIDENT WAS THE LEFT QUARTERING TAIL/CROSSWIND.

Verbatim NTSB analysis and probable cause from the NTSB dataset

Sources

NTSB record LAX92LA132
Event ID
20001211X14144
Case number
LAX92LA132
Dataset
historical-pre2008
Source SHA-256
89e2df6d848e7ab3b42e7d7c7a03ff403303057a26ca04c95b3ea67201c3ce74
Source notes (4)
  • Unreviewed is an editorial label, not an investigation status. API-sourced is not report-checked or human-reviewed. Explicit event totals are used without summing aircraft injury tables; onboard allocation is withheld. Unknown values remain unknown. The operation category is mapped from the NTSB-reported FAR part and has not been reviewed.
  • Filled from the NTSB case API where the bulk record had no value: investigation status. Values present in the bulk record are kept.
  • The date is the local date, which is the same as the UTC date the NTSB stores.
  • API snapshot SHA-256: e52b52d87ca987d5ad10f881696e7e30f538462395e9e8386310dad84e975146; retrieved 2026-09-21T23:20:27.497Z.