FLIGHT FINDINGSAVIATION OCCURRENCE MAP
Back to map

FTW97LA077 · Piper PA-28R-201T PA-28R-201

31 Dec 1996 · Raton, NM, United States

Piper PA-28R-201T PA-28R-201 · Accident: partial loss of engine power (mechanical failure) en route

From Midland Airpark (MDD) to Perry Stokes Airport (TAD)

Report a problem

Event

NTSB case
FTW97LA077
Event typeAccident: someone killed or seriously injured, or the aircraft substantially damaged (NTSB definition). Incident: an occurrence that affected or could have affected safety, short of that. Glossary
Accident
InvestigationHow far the investigation had got when the record was published: preliminary, ongoing, final or completed. Unknown where the source does not say. Glossary
Completed
API-reported fatalities
0 · all aircraft and ground
Ground fatalities
0
OperationWhat kind of flying it was, grouped by the rules it flew under: airline (US Part 121), air taxi and commuter (Part 135), general aviation (Part 91 and similar), military or government. Glossary
General aviation
WeatherVisual meteorological conditions (VMC): good enough to fly by looking outside. Instrument conditions (IMC): cloud or low visibility, flying by instruments. Glossary
Visual Meteorological Cond

Piper PA-28R-201T PA-28R-201

Aircraft type
Piper PA-28
Category
Airplane
RegistrationThe aircraft's tail number, such as N12345 or G-ABCD. Registrations are reissued, so the same one years apart can be a different aircraft. Glossary
N40437
Operator
Sandra S. Mckenna · private individual
Onboard fatalities
Unknown
Route
From Midland Airpark (MDD), Midland, TXTo Perry Stokes Airport (TAD), Trinidad, CO
Aircraft age
Not recorded
Flight rulesThe regulations the flight operated under: in the US, Part 91 (general aviation), Part 121 (airlines), Part 135 (air taxi and commuter) and others; for flights abroad, the NTSB's coarser commercial or non-commercial code. Glossary
Part 91: General Aviation
Phase of flightThe stage of the flight when things started to go wrong: standing, taxi, takeoff, initial climb, en route, maneuvering, approach or landing. Glossary
En route · cruise
First occurrenceThe single coded event the NTSB judges best describes what happened (records from 2008 on). Older records name the first occurrence in the sequence instead. Glossary
Partial loss of engine power (mechanical failure)
DamageDestroyed: beyond practical repair. Substantial: damage that affects the structure, performance or handling and normally needs major repair. Minor: less than that. Glossary
Substantial

Cause areas

  • Engine assembly, rocker arm/tappet › Failure
  • Miscellaneous, bolt/nut/fastener/clamp/spring › Failure, total
  • Miscellaneous, bolt/nut/fastener/clamp/spring › Overtorque
  • Other maintenance personnel › Maintenance, installation, improper

Approximate · Coordinates as recorded by the NTSB; no uncertainty radius is established.

NTSB narrative

The pilot reported that while in cruise flight the airplane shuddered and began to lose power. She changed the fuel selector from the right to left tank; checked the fuel mixture, the exhaust gas temperature, and the instrument panel. The pilot reported that the engine performance continued to decay and she initiated a forced landing to a pasture. Examination of the engine revealed that the number two cylinder exhaust rocker arm retaining studs had separated. Examination of the studs by a metallurgist revealed that over torquing of the attachment nuts during installation caused plastic deformation of the studs and probable cracking in the threads which led to a fatigue crack in at least one of the studs. The fatigue crack led to the subsequent failure of the exhaust rocker arm retaining studs.

Probable cause

failure of the exhaust rocker arm retaining studs due to over torquing of the attachment bolts by maintenance personnel during installation. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.

Verbatim NTSB analysis and probable cause from the NTSB dataset

Sources

NTSB record FTW97LA077
Event ID
20001208X07171
Case number
FTW97LA077
Dataset
historical-pre2008
Source SHA-256
89e2df6d848e7ab3b42e7d7c7a03ff403303057a26ca04c95b3ea67201c3ce74
Source notes (4)
  • Unreviewed is an editorial label, not an investigation status. API-sourced is not report-checked or human-reviewed. Explicit event totals are used without summing aircraft injury tables; onboard allocation is withheld. Unknown values remain unknown. The operation category is mapped from the NTSB-reported FAR part and has not been reviewed.
  • Filled from the NTSB case API where the bulk record had no value: investigation status. Values present in the bulk record are kept.
  • The date is the local date, which is the same as the UTC date the NTSB stores.
  • API snapshot SHA-256: bd75c5c09c01a5595a2e7578575b85f266b8a67d7c7a9fc318a2f7483fd5cb62; retrieved 2026-09-22T20:33:50.988Z.